Ultrafiltration technology
Ultrafiltration is one of the core technologies commonly used in integrated purification and hydration equipment. The pore size of ultrafiltration membrane is generally between 0.001-0.1 microns, and its principle is based on screening. When water passes through the ultrafiltration membrane, impurities such as macromolecular organic matter, colloids, bacteria, and viruses in the water are retained because their particle size is larger than the pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane, while water molecules and some small molecules such as inorganic salts and small molecules of organic matter can pass through the membrane smoothly. For example, when treating raw water containing sediment and microorganisms, ultrafiltration membranes can effectively remove these impurities and make the water clear and transparent. The advantage of ultrafiltration technology is that it does not require the addition of chemical agents, and only relies on physical screening to achieve preliminary purification, and can retain minerals in the water that are beneficial to the human body. The operating cost is relatively low and the equipment is simple to operate.
Reverse osmosis technology
Reverse osmosis technology has excellent effects in purifying water quality. It relies on the characteristics of semipermeable membranes to reverse the process of water permeation from the high concentration side to the low concentration side under pressure. The pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane is extremely small, usually reaching less than 0.0001 microns, which can effectively remove almost all soluble salts, heavy metal ions, pesticide residues, organic matter and other tiny impurities in the water. For example, for hard water, reverse osmosis technology can remove calcium and magnesium ions, reduce the hardness of water, and prevent the formation of scale. However, the reverse osmosis process requires a higher pressure drive, relatively high energy consumption, and a certain amount of concentrated water will be produced during the filtration process. The concentrated water discharge problem needs to be properly handled to avoid adverse effects on the environment.
Activated carbon adsorption
Activated carbon adsorption also plays a key role in integrated purification and hydration equipment. Activated carbon has a highly developed pore structure and a huge specific surface area, which enables it to adsorb odor substances, residual chlorine, and some organic pollutants in water. The principle is that through physical adsorption, the active sites on the surface of activated carbon generate van der Waals forces with impurity molecules in water, thereby adsorbing impurities on its surface. For example, when there is a chlorine smell in the water, activated carbon can quickly adsorb chlorine molecules to improve the taste of water. At the same time, activated carbon can also adsorb some pigments to make the water clearer. However, activated carbon needs to be replaced or regenerated regularly to ensure the continued effectiveness of its adsorption performance, otherwise impurities may be released back into the water due to adsorption saturation.
Technical synergy
In integrated purification and hydration equipment, these core technologies do not exist in isolation, but work together. Ultrafiltration, as a pretreatment step, first removes larger particle impurities and some colloids and microorganisms, reducing the burden of subsequent reverse osmosis and activated carbon adsorption; reverse osmosis further purifies, removes soluble salts and tiny organic matter, etc., to ensure that the water quality reaches higher purity requirements; activated carbon adsorption mainly targets odor, residual chlorine and a small amount of residual organic matter in the water for the final fine treatment to improve the taste and quality of the water. Through the synergy of this technology, integrated purification and hydration equipment can efficiently purify water sources according to different water quality conditions, so that it meets the strict requirements for water quality in various application scenarios, such as household direct drinking water, industrial production water, and drinking water supply in commercial places.
