What are the effective desalination technologies and processes for industrial reclaimed water equipment when treating high-salinity wastewater?
Publish Time: 2024-08-10
When treating high-salinity wastewater, industrial reclaimed water equipment has a variety of effective desalination technologies and processes.
Reverse osmosis technology is a commonly used one. It uses the principle of semipermeable membrane. Under pressure, water passes through the semipermeable membrane while solutes such as salt are retained. By selecting suitable reverse osmosis membrane materials and optimizing parameters such as operating pressure, the salt in the wastewater can be effectively removed. For example, for some industrial wastewater with high salt content, by adjusting the appropriate pressure, fresh water is allowed to pass through the membrane while the salt is blocked on one side of the membrane, thereby achieving the purpose of desalination. However, the reverse osmosis membrane may face the problem of membrane contamination during use, and it needs to be cleaned and maintained regularly to ensure its desalination efficiency.
Electrodialysis technology is also one of the important desalination methods. It uses the selective permeability of ion exchange membranes under the action of a DC electric field to cause directional migration of anions and cations in the solution, thereby achieving the separation of salt and water. This technology has good adaptability to the treatment of high-salinity wastewater with large changes in salt content. In practical applications, parameters such as electric field strength and type of ion exchange membrane can be adjusted according to the specific ion composition and concentration of wastewater to improve the desalination effect.
In addition, evaporation crystallization technology is also used in the treatment of high-salinity wastewater. It evaporates water by heating, and salt crystallizes out. For example, in the multi-effect evaporation process, multiple evaporators are connected in series, and the secondary steam generated by the previous effect evaporator is used as the heating steam of the next effect evaporator to improve energy utilization efficiency and separate the salt in the wastewater in the form of crystals. However, this process has relatively high energy consumption and needs to consider costs and benefits comprehensively. At the same time, emerging technologies such as membrane distillation can also be used. It combines membrane technology and distillation principles, and uses the vapor pressure difference on both sides of the hydrophobic microporous membrane as the driving force for mass transfer to achieve desalination.
In short, when industrial reclaimed water equipment treats high-salinity wastewater, it is necessary to reasonably select and combine these desalination technologies and processes according to the specific characteristics and treatment requirements of the wastewater to achieve efficient desalination and recycling of water resources.
